top of page

Vitamin B3

What is Vitamin B3?

Vitamin B3, or niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy production, DNA repair, and the functioning of the nervous and digestive systems. It exists in two main forms:

  • Nicotinic Acid

  • Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)

Niacin plays a vital role in converting food into energy by aiding in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme involved in over 400 enzymatic reactions.

​

 

Connection Between Vitamin B3 and Autism

Role in Brain Health

  • Niacin is crucial for proper brain development and function.

  • It helps maintain the integrity of neuronal structures and supports the production of neurotransmitters.

Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function

  • Studies suggest children with autism often experience oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

  • Niacin supports mitochondrial health by boosting NAD levels, helping to counter oxidative damage and improving energy metabolism.

Behavioral and Cognitive Benefits

  • Preliminary research indicates that niacin supplementation may improve attention, reduce irritability, and enhance social engagement in children with autism.

  • It may also contribute to better regulation of repetitive behaviors by stabilizing neuronal activity.

 

​

Deficiency in Vitamin B3

Signs of Deficiency

  • Fatigue

  • Irritability

  • Digestive issues

  • Skin rashes (especially pellagra, in severe cases)

  • Memory problems or brain fog
     

Deficiency and Autism

  • Children with autism may have a higher risk of niacin deficiency due to restricted diets, sensory aversions, or malabsorption issues.

  • Niacin deficiency can exacerbate neurological symptoms, including mood disturbances and cognitive challenges.

 

​

Sources of Vitamin B3

  1. Animal-Based Foods

    • Chicken breast

    • Turkey

    • Tuna

    • Beef liver

  2. Plant-Based Foods

    • Peanuts

    • Mushrooms

    • Brown rice

    • Avocado

  3. Fortified Foods

    • Breakfast cereals

    • Whole-grain bread

 

​

Supplement Forms for Autism

  • Niacinamide: Preferred for children with autism as it avoids the flushing side effect of nicotinic acid.

  • Nicotinic Acid: May be used for specific conditions but can cause flushing.

  • NAD Precursors: Emerging supplements like nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) may offer additional benefits for cellular energy and brain health.

 

​

Dosage of Vitamin B3 for Children with Autism

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)

  • 1-3 years: 6 mg/day

  • 4-8 years: 8 mg/day

  • 9-13 years: 12 mg/day

  • 14-18 years: 16 mg/day
     

Therapeutic Dosage

  • Doses ranging from 25-100 mg/day have been used under medical supervision for children with autism to address specific symptoms or deficiencies.

  • High doses (e.g., 500 mg or more) should only be used under professional guidance due to potential side effects like flushing, nausea, or liver toxicity.

​
 

Toxicity and Precautions

  • Niacin Flush: A common side effect of high doses of nicotinic acid, characterized by redness and warmth in the skin.

  • Liver Toxicity: Prolonged high doses may affect liver function, particularly with nicotinic acid.

  • Always use niacin supplements under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

​
 

Key Takeaway for Parents

Vitamin B3 supports brain health, reduces oxidative stress, and may improve symptoms in children with autism. Supplementation should focus on safe forms like niacinamide and be tailored to your child’s needs. 

bottom of page